Besides vitamin A and C, vitamin E is also one type of antioxidants that are recommended by the Age-Related Eye Disease Study. The study revealed that a nutritional formula containing vitamin E brought down the rate of advanced macular degeneration by 25%. The effect of vitamin E in dealing with cataracts is still obscure.

Besides vitamin A, vitamin C is also one type of antioxidants that are used to prevent oxidation in human body including our eyes. Another similar nutrient is bioflavonoid.

Antioxidants are thought to reduce the risk of eye diseases such as macular degeneration and cataracts. Vitamin A is one of the important antioxidants. Animal sources such as liver and butter offer direct vitamin A, while vegetables and fruits contain carotenoids, which can be converted into vitamin A by human body. Some carotenoids such as lutein and zeaxanthin also add red and yellow pigments to plants and animals.